般若波羅蜜多心經

Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra — 词源学解析

玄奘的远见

1400年前，玄奘法师翻译《心经》时做了一个天才决定：核心术语不翻译，直接音译。

"般若"不译成"智慧"，"涅盘"不译成"寂灭"——因为中文找不到完全对等的词。

梵文和英语是亲戚——都源自5000年前的原始印欧语（PIE）。现在，我们可以沿着印欧语系的词根脉络，把玄奘"封存"的梵文术语，用英语同源词"解压"出来。

Gate Gate Pāragate Pārasaṃgate Bodhi Svāhā

揭谛揭谛波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛菩提萨婆诃

Go! Go! Far-go! Same-far-go! Awake! Well-said!

经题

般若波罗蜜多心经

Prajñā-pāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Prajñā	Pro-know	know, cognition	般若/智慧
Pāramitā	Para-measure	paramount, meter	波罗蜜多/度
Hṛdaya	Heart	heart, cardiac	心
Sūtra	Suture	sew, suture	经

Pro-know Para-measure Heart Suture

先知度彼岸的心之线

正文

观自在菩萨

Āryāvalokiteśvara Bodhisattva

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Ārya	Aristo-	aristocrat	圣
Avalokita	A-look	look, light	观
Īśvara	Own-er	own	自在
Bodhi	Bode	bode	菩提/觉
Sattva	Is-ness	is, essence	萨埵/有情

Aristo-Look-Owner, Bode-Is

贵族般俯视的自主者，觉醒的存在

行深般若波罗蜜多时

gambhīrāṃ prajñāpāramitā-caryāṃ caramāṇo

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Gambhīra	Gape-more	gape, gap	深
Caryā	Course	course, career	行
Caramāṇa	Course-ing	course	正在行

Coursing Gape-deep Pro-know Para-measure

行走于深邃的先知度彼岸之道

照见五蕴皆空

pañca-skandhās svabhāva-śūnyān paśyati

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Pañca	Penta/Five	five, pentagon, fist	五
Skandha	Scan-heap	scan, ascend	蕴/聚合
Sva	Self	self, suicide	自
Bhāva	Be-ing	be, being	性/存在
Śūnya	Hollow	hollow, cave, cavity	空
Paśyati	Spy	spy, inspect, spectacle	照见

Spy Five Scan-heaps Self-be Hollow

照见五堆聚合，自性皆空

度一切苦厄

sarva-duḥkhebhyas tārayati

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Sarva	Whole	whole, save, all	一切
Duḥkha	Dys-stand	dys-, dysfunction	苦/失调
Tārayati	Through-carry	trans, through	度/渡过

Through-carry Whole Dys-stand

渡过一切失调

色不异空空不异色色即是空空即是色

rūpaṃ śūnyatā, śūnyataiva rūpam

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Rūpa	Robe	robe, form	色/外形
Śūnya	Hollow	hollow, cave, cavity	空
Śūnyatā	Hollow-ness	hollow, cave	空性
Na	No	no, not	不
Pṛthak	A-part	part, apart	异/分离
Eva	Ever	ever, just	即/正是

Robe is Hollow-ness, Hollow-ness ever Robe

外形即空，空即外形；外形与空不分离，空与外形不分离

受想行识亦复如是

vedanā-saṃjñā-saṃskāra-vijñānāni

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Vedanā	Wit-ing	wit, video, vision	受/感知
Saṃjñā	Same-know	same, cognition	想/共知
Saṃskāra	Same-create	same, create, craft	行/共造
Vijñāna	Divide-know	divide, cognition	识/分辨知

Wit-ing, Same-know, Same-create, Divide-know — Also Ever-same

感知、共知、共造、分辨知，亦复如是

是诸法空相

sarva-dharmāḥ śūnyatā-lakṣaṇā

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Sarva	Whole	whole, save, all	诸/一切
Dharma	Firm	firm, form, throne	法
Śūnyatā	Hollow-ness	hollow, cavity	空性
Lakṣaṇa	Logo-mark	logo, logic, lection	相/标记

Whole Firm-things Hollow-ness Logo-marked

一切坚固之法，皆以空性为相

不生不灭不垢不净不增不减

anutpannā aniruddhā, amalā avimalā, anūnā aparipūrṇāḥ

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
An-	Un-	un-, in-	不/无
Utpanna	Up-born	up, patent, nascent	生
Niruddha	Down-block	obstruct, arrest	灭
Mala	Mal-stain	mal-, melanin, mole	垢
Vimala	Divide-mal	divide, mal-	净/离垢
Ūna	Wane	wane, want	减
Paripūrṇa	Full-around	full, plenty, replete	增/圆满

Un-up-born Un-down-block, Un-mal-stain Un-divide-mal, Un-wane Un-full-around

不生不灭，不垢不净，不减不增

是故空中无色无受想行识

śūnyatāyāṃ na rūpaṃ, na vedanā na saṃjñā na saṃskārā na vijñānam

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Śūnyatā	Hollow-ness	hollow, cavity	空性
Na	No	no, not	无
Rūpa	Robe	robe, form	色/外形

In Hollow-ness no Robe, no Video-ing, no Same-know, no Same-create, no Divide-know

空性中无外形，无感受、共知、共造、分辨知

无眼耳鼻舌身意

na cakṣuḥ-śrotra-ghrāṇa-jihvā-kāya-manāṃsi

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Cakṣus	Ocular	ocular, eye	眼
Śrotra	Ear-hear	ear, hear, loud	耳
Ghrāṇa	Nose-know	nose, fragrant	鼻
Jihvā	Tongue	tongue, language	舌
Kāya	Cage	cage, contain	身
Manas	Mind	mind, mental, mania	意

No Ocular, no Ear-hear, no Nose-know, no Tongue, no Cage-body, no Mind

无眼、无耳、无鼻、无舌、无身、无心智

无色声香味触法

na rūpa-śabda-gandha-rasa-spraṣṭavya-dharmāḥ

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Rūpa	Robe	robe, form	色/外形
Śabda	Sob	sob, sound	声
Gandha	Odor	odor, fragrant	香
Rasa	Savor	savor, taste	味
Spraṣṭavya	Touch	touch, tangible	触
Dharma	Firm	firm, form, throne	法

No Robe, no Sob-sound, no Odor, no Savor, no Touch, no Firm

无外形、无声、无香、无味、无触、无法

无眼界乃至无意识界

na cakṣur-dhātur yāvan na manovijñāna-dhātuḥ

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Cakṣus	Ocular	ocular, eye	眼
Dhātu	Do-place	do, theme, thesis	界/领域
Yāvat	Yet	yet, still	乃至
Manas	Mind	mind, mental	意
Vijñāna	Divide-know	divide, cognition	识

No Ocular-Domain, Yet-until no Mind-Divide-know-Domain

无眼界，乃至无意识界

无无明亦无无明尽

na vidyā nāvidyā, na vidyā-kṣayo nāvidyā-kṣayo

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Vidyā	Wit-see	wit, video, vision, idea	明/知
A-vidyā	Un-wit-see	un-, wit	无明
Kṣaya	Decay	decay, cadaver	尽/衰亡

No Wit-see, no Un-wit-see; no Wit-see-Decay, no Un-wit-see-Decay

无明，亦无无明；无明尽，亦无无明尽

乃至无老死亦无老死尽

yāvan na jarā-maraṇaṃ na jarā-maraṇa-kṣayo

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Jarā	Year-old	year, geriatric, hoary	老
Maraṇa	Mortal	mortal, murder, mare	死
Kṣaya	Decay	decay, cadaver	尽

Yet-until no Year-old-Mortal, no Year-old-Mortal-Decay

乃至无老死，亦无老死尽

无苦集灭道

na duḥkha-samudaya-nirodha-mārgā

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Duḥkha	Dys-stand	dys-, dysfunction	苦/失调
Samudaya	Same-up-go	same, up, exit	集/聚起
Nirodha	Down-block	obstruct, arrest	灭/止息
Mārga	March	march, margin, mark	道/路径

No Dys-stand, no Same-up-go, no Down-block, no March

无苦、无集、无灭、无道

无智亦无得以无所得故

na jñānaṃ na prāptiḥ, aprāptitvād

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Jñāna	Know-ing	know, gnosis, cognition	智/知识
Prāpti	Pro-apt	apt, adapt, aptitude	得/获得
A-	Un-	un-, in-	无
-tva	-ness	-ness, -dom	性

No Know-ing, no Pro-apt; Because Un-pro-apt-ness

无智，亦无得；以无所得故

菩提萨埵依般若波罗蜜多故心无挂碍

bodhisattvasya prajñāpāramitām āśritya, cittam avaraṇam

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Bodhi	Bode	bode, bid	菩提/觉
Sattva	Is-ness	is, essence, sooth	萨埵/有情
Āśritya	In-cline	incline, lean, recline	依/依止
Citta	Think-ed	think, cogitate	心/已思
A-	Un-	un-, in-	无
Āvaraṇa	Over-cover	over, cover, wary, warn	挂碍/遮覆

Bode-Is-ness In-cline-on Pro-know Para-measure, Think-ed Un-over-cover

觉醒存在依止于先知度彼岸，心无遮盖

无挂碍故无有恐怖远离颠倒梦想

cittāvaraṇa-nāstitvād atrasto, viparyāsa-atikrānto

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Na	No	no, not	无
Asti	Is	is, exist	有
A-trasta	Un-terror	terror, tremble, dread	无恐怖
Viparyāsa	Divide-around-throw	divide, peri-	颠倒妄想
Ati-	Over	over, ultra	超
Krānta	Cross-ed	cross, cruise	越/已过

Think-over-cover No-is-ness, Because Un-terror; Over-cross Divide-around-throw

心之遮盖不存在，故无恐惧；超越颠倒妄想

究竟涅盘

niṣṭhā-nirvāṇaḥ

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Ni-	Down	down, nether	下/入
Ṣṭhā	Stand	stand, state, stay	立
Niṣṭhā	Down-stand	stand, state	究竟/终立
Nir-	Out	out, ex-	出/离
Vāṇa	Wind-blow	wind, ventilate	吹/风
Nirvāṇa	Out-wind-blow	wind, exhale	涅盘/吹灭

Down-stand Out-wind-blow

究竟站立于吹灭之境

三世诸佛依般若波罗蜜多故得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提

tryadhva-vyavasthitāḥ sarva-buddhāḥ prajñāpāramitām āśritya anuttarāṃ samyak-saṃbodhim

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Tri	Three	three, triple, trio	三
Adhvan	Add-way	add, way, via	世/时路
Sarva	Whole	whole, save, all	诸/一切
Buddha	Bode-ed	bode, bid, awake	佛/已觉
Anuttara	Un-utter	un-, utter	无上
Samyak	Same-yoke	same, yoke, join	三藐/正等
Saṃbodhi	Same-bode	same, bode	三菩提/正觉

Three-add-way Whole Bode-ed-ones, In-cline Pro-know Para-measure, attain Un-utter Same-yoke Same-bode

三世一切觉醒者，依止先知度彼岸，得无上正等正觉

故知般若波罗蜜多是大神咒是大明咒是无上咒是无等等咒

tasmāj jñātavyaṃ prajñāpāramitā mahā-mantraḥ, mahā-vidyā-mantraḥ, anuttara-mantraḥ, asamasama-mantraḥ

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Tasmāt	That-from	that, from	故
Jñātavya	Know-able	know, gnosis	知/应知
Mahā	Mega	mega, much, major	大
Mantra	Mind-tool	mind, instrument	咒/心具
Vidyā	Wit-see	wit, video, vision	明
Anuttara	Un-utter	un-, utter	无上
Asamasama	Un-same-same	un-, same	无等等

That-from Know-able: Pro-know Para-measure is Mega Mind-tool, Mega Wit-see Mind-tool, Un-utter Mind-tool, Un-same-same Mind-tool

故知：般若波罗蜜多是大神咒、大明咒、无上咒、无等等咒

能除一切苦真实不虚

sarva-duḥkha-praśamanaḥ, satyam amithyatvāt

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Sarva	Whole	whole, save, all	一切
Duḥkha	Dys-stand	dys-, dysfunction	苦
Praśamana	Pro-quiet	pro-, quiet	能除/止息
Satya	Sooth	sooth (OE: true), is	真实
Amithyā	Un-myth	un-, myth	不虚

Whole Dys-stand Pro-quiet, Sooth Un-myth

止息一切失调，真实不虚妄

故说般若波罗蜜多咒即说咒曰

tasmāt prajñāpāramitā-mantram bhāṣate, tadyathā

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Tasmāt	That-from	that, from	故
Mantra	Mind-tool	mind, instrument	咒
Bhāṣate	Phone-speak	phone, fame, fable	说
Tadyathā	That-as	that, as	即说/如是说

That-from Phone Pro-know Para-measure Mind-tool, That-as:

故说先知度彼岸心智工具，即说：

咒语

Gate Gate Pāragate Pārasaṃgate Bodhi Svāhā

揭谛揭谛波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛菩提萨婆诃

梵文	词根拼写	英语亲戚	中文
Gate	Go-ed	go, gang	揭谛/去了
Pāra	Para-far	para-, far, ford	波罗/彼岸
Pāragate	Para-go-ed	para-, go	波罗揭谛/去彼岸了
Saṃ	Same	same, syn-	僧/共同
Pārasaṃgate	Para-same-go-ed	para-, same, go	波罗僧揭谛/一起去彼岸了
Bodhi	Bode	bode, bid, Buddha	菩提/觉醒
Su-	Well	well, good	善
Āhā	Said	ah, alas	哉/叹词
Svāhā	Well-said	well, hail	萨婆诃/善哉

Go-ed! Go-ed! Para-go-ed! Same-para-go-ed! Bode! Well-said!

去了！去了！去彼岸了！一起去彼岸了！觉醒！善哉！

核心词汇总结

中文	梵文	词根版	英语同源词
般若	Prajñā	Pro-know	know, cognition
波罗蜜多	Pāramitā	Para-measure	paramount, meter
心	Hṛdaya	Heart	heart, cardiac
经	Sūtra	Suture	sew, suture
菩提	Bodhi	Bode	bode, awake
萨埵	Sattva	Is-ness	is, essence
色	Rūpa	Robe	robe, form
空	Śūnya	Hollow	hollow, cavity
受	Vedanā	Wit-ing	wit, video
想	Saṃjñā	Same-know	same, cognition
行	Saṃskāra	Same-create	same, create
识	Vijñāna	Divide-know	divide, cognition
法	Dharma	Firm	firm, form
涅盘	Nirvāṇa	Out-wind-blow	wind, exhale
苦	Duḥkha	Dys-stand	dys-, dysfunction
咒	Mantra	Mind-tool	mind, instrument